Get Out of Debt

How to get out of debt, one honest step at a time

What is the best way to get out of debt?

The most reliable way to get out of debt is to list every balance with its rate and minimum, make every minimum on time, then throw all spare money at one target debt while you hold the rest steady. Most people choose the avalanche (highest rate first, lowest total cost) or the snowball (smallest balance first, fastest wins).

Jump to the action steps The get-out-of-debt plan

Start by facing the whole number

The hardest step is the first one: writing down everything you owe in one place. List each debt, the balance, the interest rate, and the minimum payment. Credit cards, personal loans, medical bills, car loans, student loans, money borrowed from family, buy-now-pay-later balances, all of it. You cannot make a plan around a number you are avoiding, and the total is almost always less frightening on paper than it is in your head at 2 a.m.

Once it is all visible, two things become clear: which debts are quietly costing you the most in interest, and how much you are paying every month just to stand still. That is the raw material for the rest of the plan.

Make every minimum, then attack one debt

The mechanics are simple even when the situation is not. First, make the minimum payment on every debt, every month, on time. Missing minimums triggers late fees, penalty rates, and credit damage that makes the whole job harder. Second, find every spare dollar you can and put all of it against a single target debt while you keep paying minimums on the others. Then repeat with the next target.

There are two well-known ways to choose the target. The debt avalanche puts your extra money on the debt with the highest interest rate first. It costs the least in total interest and gets you out fastest on paper. The debt snowball puts your extra money on the smallest balance first, so you clear whole debts quickly and feel momentum. The avalanche wins on math; the snowball wins on motivation. The best one is the one you will actually stick with.

Free up money to throw at it

A payoff plan only moves as fast as the money you can feed it, so the other half of the work is widening the gap between what you earn and what you spend. On the spending side, cancel what you do not use, renegotiate or shop around on recurring bills, and pause the categories that are easy to inflate. On the income side, even a temporary side income, a sold-off pile of unused stuff, or overtime can shorten the timeline by months.

Before you pour everything into debt, set aside a small starter emergency fund. A modest cushion keeps the next surprise (a car repair, a medical copay) from going straight back onto a credit card and undoing your progress. Our guide to budgeting and emergency funds covers how big that cushion should be and how to build it without stalling the payoff.

Know when a plan on your own is not enough

Doing it yourself works when you can cover your minimums and still chip away at balances. If you cannot make minimums, if balances keep climbing despite your best effort, or if the stress is affecting your health and relationships, that is a signal to bring in help, not a personal failing. The honest options range from free nonprofit credit counseling, to a debt management plan, to debt consolidation, and in the hardest cases to debt settlement or bankruptcy.

Each of those has real trade-offs, and some can damage your credit or create a tax bill on forgiven debt. Before you choose, read our balanced comparison of debt-relief options, and talk to a nonprofit credit counselor, which is usually free or low cost. The goal is a clear-eyed decision, not a rushed one made under pressure from someone selling a product.

Action steps

What to do

Helpful resources

Tools and places to get help

Each slot below is reserved for a free or low-cost tool, template, or trusted resource. We add them only after vetting them independently, and nothing here is a paid placement or an endorsement.

Resource Debt payoff worksheet or tracker

A simple spreadsheet or app to list balances and watch them fall. Added once independently vetted.

Resource Find a nonprofit credit counselor

Link to a reputable nonprofit counseling directory so readers can get free guidance.

Resource Avalanche vs snowball calculator

A payoff-timeline calculator that compares the two methods for your real numbers.

Questions

Frequently asked questions

Should I use the debt avalanche or the debt snowball?
Use the avalanche if you want to pay the least interest and get out fastest on paper, since it targets your highest-rate debt first. Use the snowball if you need quick, visible wins to stay motivated, since it clears your smallest balances first. Both work; pick the one you will stick with.
Should I pay off debt or save an emergency fund first?
Do a little of both. Build a small starter emergency fund first, often a few hundred to a thousand dollars, so a surprise expense does not go back on a credit card. Then focus on debt, and build the fund up to three to six months of expenses after the high-interest debt is gone.
Is it better to pay off credit cards or loans first?
Usually credit cards, because their interest rates are typically much higher than car loans, student loans, or mortgages. Higher-rate debt costs you more every month, so paying it first saves the most. Always keep making minimum payments on everything else while you focus.
How long does it take to get out of debt?
It depends on how much you owe, your interest rates, and how much extra you can pay each month. A payoff calculator will give you a real timeline. The single biggest lever is the extra amount you put toward your target debt, so freeing up money matters as much as choosing a method.
Can I get out of debt on my own, or do I need a company?
Many people get out of debt on their own with a budget and a payoff method, and that path costs nothing. Consider outside help, starting with free nonprofit credit counseling, if you cannot cover your minimum payments or your balances keep rising. Be cautious with any company that charges large upfront fees.

Defeating the Debt is an independent educational resource. The content here is for general information only and is not financial, legal, or tax advice. Every situation is different, so before acting on anything you read here, consider speaking with a qualified professional or a nonprofit credit counselor (you can find one through the National Foundation for Credit Counseling or the U.S. Department of Justice list of approved counseling agencies). We do not sell debt relief, and we are not paid to recommend any specific company.